物流問答
求一篇10000字以上的英文文獻是關于物流方面的，最好有譯成中文的更好
物流運送企業因為職業特點，傳統操作過程雜亂，文件繁復，競賽日趨激烈。越來越多的信息問題呈現出來，例如:一方面，要不斷開發客戶商場，對客戶的根本材料，貨品散布狀況、聯系人的喜愛及聯系方法有較為全面的了解，另一方面，要作好財政的收付作業，保證運費能準時的收付，欠款一望而知，及時催繳。以往查閱厚厚的文件材料的做法，顯然是不可取的。有必要采納更有用的處理辦法。一起搜集處理信息的速度、信息的精確性、安全性，還影響到公司全體的辦理水平和決策層對全體事務的控制和協調。選用計算機軟件管理信息是處理上述問題的一個行之有用的辦法。
物流辦理軟件，便是依據物流運送企業事務流程，將企業事務的各類數據聯系起來，組成一個有機的體系，使得事務、財政、商場等方面的信息得以便利、方便地傳遞，并經過歸納處理生成各種報表送交給各個職能部門及決策層。使用物流辦理軟件體系不只能夠節約很多的人力，削減作業中的失誤，對客戶的問詢能夠敏捷的從電腦中查詢信息答復客戶，并且能夠協助決策者及時調整公司經營戰略，前進公司在同職業中的知名度，增強公司的競賽力。
曩昔物流辦理著重在企業內部作業與安排的整合，對下流顧客的對應，是以服務與質量為首要重心。因此，點評物流的管理成果和作用的原則，八成是以處理訂單周期時刻的速度，供貨率及完結質量來測量。
跟著物流業的開展，在供應鏈辦理形式上添加新的內容，物流業呈現了新的十大趨勢。
(一)物流辦理從物的處理，提高到物的加值方案設計、處理和辦理上。能夠為客戶供給度身訂造式的，并帶有個性化的服務，企業逐步轉向著重跨企業邊界的整合，使得顧客聯系的保護與辦理變得越來越重要。
(二)由對立轉向聯合。傳統商業通道中，企業間八成以自我為中心，尋求自我利益，因此往往構成企業間敵對的局勢。但是在追求更大競賽力的驅動下，許多企業開端在各個商業流轉機能上整合，經過聯合規劃與作業，構成高度整合的供應鏈通道聯系，使通道全體成果和作用大幅提高。
(三)由猜測轉向終測。傳統的流轉形式經過猜測下流轉道的資源來進行各項物流作業活動，不幸的是猜測很少會精確的，因此浪費了許多天然及商業資源。新式的物流辦理趨勢是著重通道成員的聯合機制，成員間樂意交換營運及戰略的信息，尤其是內部需求及出產的材料，使得上游的企業無需去猜測，流轉形式是逐步由猜測根底轉向終測根底開展。
(四)由經歷堆集轉向變遷戰略。一直以來經歷曲線是企業用來剖析商場競賽趨勢及開展對應戰略的辦法，并以企業常年堆集的經歷作為首要競賽兵器，但是科技的突飛前進，企業堅守既有經歷反而成為企業開展的妨礙，因此在調度改變的環境下，經歷及現存通道根底結構反變為最難戰勝的妨礙，成功的企業要樹立對戰略方向的嗅覺和繼續變遷辦理體系才干生計。
(五)由肯定價值轉向相對價值。傳統財政點評只看一些肯定數值，新的評價辦法將著重在相對價值的發明，亦即在通道中供給加值服務，顧客所添加的價值中企業可占多少份額。
(六)由功用整合轉向程序整合。在競賽途徑日趨激烈的環境中，企業有必要更快呼應上、下流顧客的需求，因此有必要有用整合各部門的營運，并以程序式的操作體系來動作，物流作業與活動八成具有跨功用，跨企業的特性，故程序式整合是物流辦理成功的要點。
(七)由筆直整合轉向虛擬整合。在傳統途徑中，一些大企業進行通道的筆直整合，以期對經過把握有更大的力氣，事實證明這并不成功，反而分散了企業的資源，并將主業削弱。今天企業經營的趨勢是專心中心事務，將非中心事務托付給專業辦理公司去做，構成虛擬企業整合體系，使主體企業供給更好的產品及服務。
(八)由信息保存轉向信息共享。在供應鏈辦理結構下，供應鏈內相關企業有必要將供應鏈整合所需的信息與其他企業共享，不然，無法構成有用的供應鏈體系。
(九)由練習轉向常識學習。在可預見的未來，任何物流程序均以人力來完結。但是，物流作業八成需求在各個物流據點和運送網絡中進行，大約有90%的時刻，物流主管無法親身加以監控。全球化的開展趨勢，也添加了物流人力資源辦理的雜亂度。物流主管有必要將以單個人員技術練習的方法，轉向常識根底的學習開展。
(十)由辦理管帳轉向價值辦理。未來許多企業樂意投入許多資源樹立根本管帳體系，著重在供給增值發明，跨企業的辦理信息，以期能確認可發明價值的作業，而非僅在于收益添加，本錢升降上。
Along with societys development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reduces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprises competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key.
The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procedure, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means.
The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and produces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reduces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances companys in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement companys competitive power.
In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organizations conformity, to the downriver customers correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure.
Along with the thing flowing industry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing industry had the new ten major tendencies.
(1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身訂造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise gradually changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly.
(2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.
(3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel members union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the production material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development gradually by the forecast foundation.
(4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.
(5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions.
(6) changes the procedure conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customers need, thus must effective conformity various departments transport business, and acts by the procedure -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprises characteristic, therefore the procedure type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.
(7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprises resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$. The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better product and the service.
(8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.
(9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procedure to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the individual personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development.
(10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprises management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.
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